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España (Chabrier)
''España, rhapsody for orchestra'' ((フランス語:España, rapsodie pour orchestre) or ''Rapsodie España'') is the most famous orchestral composition by French composer Emmanuel Chabrier (1841–1894). Written in 1883 after a trip to Spain, it was dedicated to the conductor Charles Lamoureux, who conducted the first public performance on 4 November 1883, at the Théâtre du Château d’Eau for the Société des Nouveaux Concerts in Paris.〔Delage R. ''Emmanuel Chabrier''. Fayard, Paris, 1999.〕
==Background==
From July to December 1882 Chabrier and his wife toured Spain, taking in San Sebastián, Burgos, Toledo, Sevilla, Granada, Málaga, Cádiz, Cordoba, Valencia, Zaragoza and Barcelona. His letters written during his travels are full of good humour, keen observation and his reactions to the music and dance he came across – and demonstrate his genuine literary gift.〔Myers R. ''Emmanuel Chabrier and his circle''. John Dent & Sons, London, 1969.〕 In a letter to Edouard Moullé (1845–1923); a long-time musician friend of Chabrier, (himself interested in folk music of Normandy and Spain〔), the composer details his researches into regional dance forms, giving notated musical examples. A later letter to Lamoureux, from Cadiz, dated 25 October (in Spanish) has Chabrier writing that on his return to Paris he would compose an 'extraordinary fantasia' which would incite the audience to a pitch of excitement, and that even Lamoureux would be obliged to hug the orchestral leader in his arms, so voluptuous would be his melodies.
Although at first Chabrier worked on the piece for piano duet, this evolved into a work for full orchestra. Composed between January and August 1883, it was originally called ''Jota'' but this became ''España'' in October 1883. Encored at its first performance, and received well by the critics, it sealed Chabrier's fame overnight. The work was praised by Lecocq, Duparc, Hahn, de Falla (who did not think any Spanish composer had succeeded in achieving so genuine a version of the jota)〔Falla, M de. ''On music and musicians'', ed Sopeña. Marion Boyars, London and Boston, 1979.〕 and even Mahler (who declared it to be "the start of modern music" to musicians of the New York Philharmonic).〔Quoted in Delage R. ''Emmanuel Chabrier''. Fayard, Paris, 1999, p290.〕 Chabrier more than once described it as "a piece in F and nothing more".〔Poulenc F. ''Emmanuel Chabrier.'' Geneva and Paris, La Palatine, 1961, p70.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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